If your dog suddenly starts making a harsh, honking cough, as if something is stuck in their throat, kennel cough is a likely cause. It is common, very contagious and usually mild, but in some dogs it can become more serious. Here is what owners should know.
What is kennel cough?
“Kennel cough” is a common name for infectious tracheobronchitis, part of a group of illnesses known as canine infectious respiratory disease complex. It can be caused by several bacteria and viruses, sometimes working together. The bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus are among the best known, but other organisms can also be involved.
It spreads through the air when infected dogs cough or sneeze, and through shared bowls, toys and surfaces. Despite the name, dogs do not have to stay in a kennel to catch it. Dog parks, daycares, groomers, training classes and any place where dogs gather can spread it.
Signs to watch for
- A dry, hacking or honking cough
- Gagging or retching, sometimes with white foam, after coughing
- Coughing that gets worse with excitement, exercise or pressure from a collar
- Sneezing or a runny nose
- Mild tiredness
Many dogs with kennel cough still eat, play and seem otherwise well. Signs usually appear a few days after exposure.
When it is more serious
Most healthy adult dogs recover within one to three weeks. However, kennel cough can lead to pneumonia, especially in puppies, senior dogs, flat-faced breeds and dogs with other health problems. See your vet promptly if your dog:
- Has a fever, seems very lethargic or stops eating
- Has fast, labored or noisy breathing
- Has thick yellow or green nasal discharge
- Is a young puppy, an older dog or has another illness
- Still has a cough after about two weeks, or the cough gets worse
A cough can also be a sign of other conditions, such as heart disease, a collapsing trachea or canine influenza, so it is always worth having your vet check a new cough.
Treatment and home care
Many mild cases resolve on their own with rest. Your vet will decide whether your dog needs medication. Antibiotics may be used when a bacterial infection is suspected or complications develop, and some dogs may benefit from medication to ease the cough.
At home you can help by:
- Letting your dog rest and limiting vigorous exercise
- Using a harness instead of a collar to avoid pressure on the throat
- Keeping the air clean, avoiding smoke and strong fragrances
- Making sure your dog drinks and eats normally
Do not give human cough or cold medicines unless your veterinarian specifically recommends one. Some contain ingredients that are dangerous for dogs.
Prevent spreading it
Dogs with kennel cough can remain contagious for some time, even after the cough improves. Keep your dog away from other dogs, daycares, parks and grooming salons until your vet says it is safe. Wash bowls, toys and bedding.
Vaccination
Vaccines are available for Bordetella, parainfluenza and canine influenza, and adenovirus is part of the core combination vaccine. These vaccines do not prevent every case because many organisms can be involved, but they can reduce the risk and severity. Many boarding facilities and daycares require the Bordetella vaccine. Ask your vet whether it makes sense for your dog’s lifestyle. You can learn more in our guide to core and non-core vaccines.
This article is for general information only. If your dog has a cough, contact your veterinarian for advice.